进程管理

作者/来源：yixinu.com

栏目：运维/编程

日期：2012-04-09 08:47:57

1、查看用户进程：w

example:

[root@fedora14 expect]# w
 16:49:35 up  8:18,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     tty1     -                10:25    2:07m  0.63s  0.63s -bash
root     pts/0    xianglou         10:12    0.00s  0.79s  0.09s w


[root@fedora14 expect]# ssh root@192.168.73.173 "w"
root@192.168.73.173's password: 
 00:51:19 up  1:58,  1 user,  load average: 0.07, 0.04, 0.01
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
user     tty1     -                22:53    1:58m  0.02s  0.02s -bash
[root@fedora14 expect]#

[root@fedora14 expect]# w root
 16:53:53 up  8:23,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     pts/0    xianglou         10:12    0.00s  0.78s  0.05s w root
[root@fedora14 expect]# w fedora
 16:53:55 up  8:23,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
fedora   tty1     -                16:53    5.00s  0.12s  0.07s vim test.file
[root@fedora14 expect]#

JCPU 该进程所有消耗CPU时间

PCPU CPU执行程序消耗时间

WHAT 正在执行的程序

FROM 显示用户从何处登录

IDLE 用户闲置的时间

Load average 分别显示系统在过去1、5、10分钟的负载程度

列举进程： ps

-a 显示所有用户进程

-u 显示用户名和启动时间

-x 显示所有没有控制终端进程/显示所有终端进程

-e 显示所有进程

-f 显示UID PPID C与STIME栏

-l 显示程序的详细信息

---------------------------------------------------------

USER 用户

PID 进程号

PPID 父进程的进程号

TTY 进程启动的终端 //? 表示没有终端

STAT 进程当前的状态

S 休眠

D 不可中断的休眠

R 正在运行的状态

Z 僵死状态 //没有父进程的子进程

T 停止状态

NI 进程优先级

TIME 进程从启动以来启用CPU 的时间

COMMAND/CMD 进程的命令名

example:

[root@fedora14 expect]# ps -eo 'uid,pid,ppid,tty,time,cmd' | sort -nr | head -n  10 
  500  2316  2292 tty1     00:00:00 vim test.file
  500  2292  2289 tty1     00:00:00 -bash
   81  1035     1 ?        00:00:00 dbus-daemon --system
   70  1063  1062 ?        00:00:00 avahi-daemon: chroot helper
   70  1062     1 ?        00:00:00 avahi-daemon: running [fedora14.local]
   68  1208  1174 ?        00:00:00 /usr/libexec/hald-addon-acpi
   68  1172     1 ?        00:00:00 hald
   51  1439     1 ?        00:00:00 sendmail: Queue runner@01:00:00 for /var/spool/clientmqueue
   32  1009     1 ?        00:00:00 rpcbind
   29  1086     1 ?        00:00:00 rpc.statd

实时查看进程变化 top

h 查看帮助

d 改变刷新频率

结束进程 kill killall

example: kill

[root@fedora14 ~]# vim aa &
[1] 1544
[root@fedora14 ~]# jobs
[1]+  Stopped                 vim aa
[root@fedora14 ~]# ps -au | grep vim
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root      1544  0.4  0.3  12192  3084 pts/0    T    11:19   0:00 vim aa
root      1548  0.0  0.0   4464   752 pts/0    S+   11:19   0:00 grep --color=auto vim
[root@fedora14 ~]# kill -9 1544
[root@fedora14 ~]# ps -au | grep vim
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root      1550  0.0  0.0   4464   772 pts/0    S+   11:19   0:00 grep --color=auto vim
[1]+  Killed                  vim aa
[root@fedora14 ~]# ps -au | grep vim
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root      1552  0.0  0.0   4464   748 pts/0    S+   11:19   0:00 grep --color=auto vim
[root@fedora14 ~]#

example: killall

[root@fedora14 ~]# vim aa &
[1] 1633
[root@fedora14 ~]# vim ab &
[2] 1634

[1]+  Stopped                 vim aa
[root@fedora14 ~]# jobs
[1]-  Stopped                 vim aa
[2]+  Stopped                 vim ab
[root@fedora14 ~]# ps -au | grep vim
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root      1633  0.3  0.2  12192  3004 pts/0    T    13:20   0:00 vim aa
root      1634  0.5  0.2  12192  2660 pts/0    T    13:20   0:00 vim ab
root      1636  0.0  0.0   4464   748 pts/0    S+   13:20   0:00 grep --color=auto vim
[root@fedora14 ~]# killall -9 vim
[1]-  Killed                  vim aa
[2]+  Killed                  vim ab
[root@fedora14 ~]# ps -au | grep vim
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root      1639  0.0  0.0   4464   772 pts/0    S+   13:20   0:00 grep --color=auto vim
[root@fedora14 ~]#

example: pkill

[root@fedora14 ~]# ps -au | grep vim
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root      1640  0.4  0.2  12192  3004 pts/0    T    13:22   0:00 vim aa
root      1641  0.5  0.2  12192  2660 pts/0    T    13:22   0:00 vim ab
root      1643  0.0  0.0   4464   748 pts/0    S+   13:22   0:00 grep --color=auto vim

[2]+  Stopped                 vim ab
[root@fedora14 ~]# pkill -9 vim
[1]-  Killed                  vim aa
[2]+  Killed                  vim ab
[root@fedora14 ~]# ps -au | grep vim
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root      1646  0.0  0.0   4464   776 pts/0    S+   13:23   0:00 grep --color=auto vim
[root@fedora14 ~]#

example: 查看root用户前10个进程，指定选项

[root@fedora14 ~]# ps -u root -o 'user,pid,%mem,%cpu,stat,command,nice' | head -n 10
USER       PID %MEM %CPU STAT COMMAND                      NI
root         1  0.1  0.0 Ss   /sbin/init                    0
root         2  0.0  0.0 S    [kthreadd]                    0
root         3  0.0  0.0 S    [ksoftirqd/0]                 0
root         4  0.0  0.0 S    [migration/0]                 -
root         5  0.0  0.0 S    [watchdog/0]                  -
root         6  0.0  0.0 S    [events/0]                    0
root         7  0.0  0.0 S    [cpuset]                      0
root         8  0.0  0.0 S    [khelper]                     0
root         9  0.0  0.0 S    [netns]                       0
[root@fedora14 ~]#

改变进程优先级

nice -10 vim #进程启动之前

renice -10 1721 #进程启动之后

值的范围从-20到19,nice值越低就意味着越高的cpu优先级。

example: 修改vim的nice值

[root@fedora14 ~]# ps -o 'user,pid,%mem,%cpu,stat,command,nice' | tail -n 10
USER       PID %MEM %CPU STAT COMMAND                      NI
root      1504  0.1  0.0 Ss   -bash                         0
root      1710  0.3  0.0 T    vim aa                        0
root      1715  0.0  0.0 R+   ps -o user,pid,%mem,%cpu,st   0
root      1716  0.0  0.0 S+   tail -n 10                    0
[root@fedora14 ~]# renice 10 1710
1710: old priority 0, new priority 10
[root@fedora14 ~]# ps -o 'user,pid,%mem,%cpu,stat,command,nice' | tail -n 10
USER       PID %MEM %CPU STAT COMMAND                      NI
root      1504  0.1  0.0 Ss   -bash                         0
root      1710  0.3  0.0 TN   vim aa                       10
root      1718  0.0  0.0 R+   ps -o user,pid,%mem,%cpu,st   0
root      1719  0.0  0.0 S+   tail -n 10                    0
[root@fedora14 ~]#